From Crime Scenes To Courtrooms: Evaluating The Growing Role Of Forensics In Modern Justice

Written by: Kamini Sharma, LL.M (1^st year), Geeta Institute Of Law Panipat, Haryana

Abstract

Forensic science has emerged as the cornerstone of modern criminal justice, providing an objective, evidence-based framework to establish guilt or innocence in judicial proceedings. From the early use of anthropometry and fingerprinting to today’s advances in DNA profiling, digital forensics, and AI, the field has evolved into an indispensable tool for both investigation and adjudication. In India, recent legislative and institutional developments, such as the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 and the National Forensic Infrastructure Enhancement Scheme (NFIES) signal a shift toward evidence-driven justice. However, systemic challenges persist: inadequate infrastructure, shortage of trained experts, and absence of standardized admissibility protocols continue to weaken forensic reliability in courts. This article critically examines the historical evolution, current status, and emerging technologies shaping forensic evidence in India, while highlighting key reforms needed for efficiency, accountability, and ethical balance. Ultimately, it argues that forensic science is not merely an investigative support but a vital safeguard of constitutional justice and due process.

Keywords: digital forensics, criminal reforms, fingerprinting, DNA profiling, cybercrime

33.pdf

Download PDF • 232KB

Volume 2 | Issue 1