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Pratyush Singh

GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

Written by : Pratyush Singh, LL.B. (1st YEAR), School of Law (Lovely Professional University)



  • INTRODUCTION –

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) stands as a landmark in the world of taxation, reshaping the way governments collect revenue and businesses operate. Introduced as a transformative indirect tax, GST replaces a multitude of taxes, promising a simplified and unified taxation structure. In this comprehensive exploration, we delve into the intricate layers of GST, examining its origins, structure, impact on businesses and consumers, challenges faced during implementation, and its role in shaping the economic landscape.


  • BASICS OF GST –

GST is a consumption-based tax levied at each stage of the supply chain, from the manufacturer to the end consumer. It eliminates the cascading effect of taxes, where taxes are levied on top of taxes, ensuring a more transparent and efficient taxation system. The three main components of GST are Central Goods and Services Tax (CGST), State Goods and Services Tax (SGST), and Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST), each catering to different transaction types.


  • Key Features and Benefits:

  1. Simplified Tax Structure One of the primary objectives of GST is to simplify the tax structure. By replacing multiple taxes with a single, unified tax, businesses can benefit from reduced compliance complexity and enhanced ease of doing business.

  2. Input Tax Credit (ITC) GST introduces the concept of Input Tax Credit, allowing businesses to claim credit for taxes paid on their inputs. This not only prevents the cascading effect but also encourages more efficient resource utilization.

  3. Elimination of cascading effect GST operates on a value-added tax principle, allowing businesses to claim credit for the taxes paid on inputs. This eliminates the cascading effect of taxes, ensuring that taxes are not levied on top of taxes, leading to a more transparent and efficient tax system.

  4. One Nation, One Tax GST promotes a seamless and uniform market across the nation. With consistent tax rates and procedures, businesses engaged in inter-state trade experience a level playing field, fostering economic unity.

  5. Improved efficiency and productivity With the removal of multiple tax checkpoints and the streamlining of compliance procedures, businesses experience improved efficiency in logistics and supply chain management. This has a positive impact on overall productivity.

  6. Boost to Exports GST has made Indian goods and services more competitive in the international market. The simplified tax structure and reduced logistics costs have contributed to a boost in exports, benefiting businesses engaged in international trade.

  7. Digital Transformation GST implementation has driven the adoption of digital technologies for tax compliance. The GST portal facilitates online registration, filing of returns, and payment of taxes, promoting a digital and paperless tax environment.

  8. Increase tax based GST has expanded the tax base by bringing more businesses into the formal economy. With a threshold limit for registration, smaller businesses that were previously unregistered have come under the tax ambit, contributing to increased tax revenues.

  9. Consumer Benefit While the impact of GST on prices can vary, in the long run, it is expected to benefit consumers. The rationalization of tax rates and the elimination of the cascading effect can potentially lead to reduced prices for goods and services.

  10. Transparency and Compliance GST promotes transparency in the tax system. The online platform for filing returns and the availability of input tax credit encourages businesses to comply with tax regulations, reducing the scope for tax evasion.

  11. Government Revenue GST has the potential to increase government revenue in the long term. The broader tax base,improved compliance, and anti- evasion measures contribute to a more robust revenue collection system.

  12. Impact on Businesses

  13. Improved Supply Chain Efficiency - GST facilitates a more efficient supply chain as businesses can now plan their logistics and inventory management without the burden of varying state taxes.

  14. Reduction in Tax Evasion- The transparent and technology-driven nature of GST reduces the scope for tax evasion. The digital trail of transactions and the stringent compliance requirements contribute to a more accountable tax environment.

  15. Challenges and Controversies: Initial Implementation Hurdles - The rollout of GST faced teething problems, including technical glitches and challenges in adapting to the new system. However, subsequent refinements have addressed many of these issues.

  16. Complex compliance for Small Businesses - While GST simplifies taxation for larger businesses, smaller enterprises may find compliance challenging due to resource constraints. Efforts are ongoing to streamline processes and reduce the compliance burden for these businesses. Looking Ahead – The journey of GST is ongoing, with continual refinements and improvements expected. As businesses and individuals acclimate to this new taxation paradigm, it's essential to stay informed about updates and changes, ensuring compliance and leveraging the benefits offered by GST.

  • Conclusion –

The Goods and Services Tax represents a monumental shift in the taxation landscape,

aimed at creating a more transparent, efficient, and uniform tax structure. While

challenges have been encountered, the long-term benefits for businesses, consumers,

and the overall economy underscore the significance of GST. This comprehensive

exploration seeks to demystify the complexities surrounding GST, offering insights

into its historical evolution, structural intricacies, impact on businesses, challenges

faced, and the envisioned path ahead. As businesses and individuals navigate this new

taxation paradigm, understanding the nuances of GST becomes crucial for informed

decision-making and active participation in the evolving economic landscape. The

journey of GST is dynamic, and its continued evolution will play a pivotal role in

shaping the future of taxation worldwide.


REFERENCES –







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