Mental Health And Criminal Responsibility: A Legal And Criminological Study

Written by: Mayur Vinod Sabale, L.L.M, Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai

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Dr. S.P. Mishra, Head of Department (Law), Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj University, Panvel, Navi Mumbai.

Abstract

This paper investigates the complex intersection between mental illness and criminal responsibility, focusing on the Indian legal system with comparative insights from jurisdictions like the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada. It explores the legal framework, judicial interpretation, criminological theories, and institutional challenges affecting mentally ill offenders. The study argues for a more integrated, humane, and evidence-based legal approach, highlighting systemic gaps and recommending reforms that align with international human rights standards and psychiatric advancements.

Keywords:  Mental illness, criminal responsibility, IPC Section 84, insanity defence, criminology, forensic psychiatry, judicial reform

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