The Last Right: Right To Die With Dignity As An Evolution Of Article 21 In India

Authored by:

Dr. Khushboo, Assistant Professor, Amity University Punjab,

&

Advocate Nivedita Narwal M.A., LL.M. PGT Legal Studies, Chitkara International School, Chandigarh.

Abstract

This research paper seeks to critically examine the evolution of euthanasia jurisprudence in India, with particular emphasis on the constitutional interpretation of Article 21 and its expansion to include the “last right”, the right to die with dignity. It analyses the doctrinal developments through key judicial decisions, evaluates the legal and ethical implications of passive euthanasia and assesses the impact of the Harish Rana judgment in shaping the future of end-of-life decision-making in India. The paper argues that the recognition of this right does not undermine the sanctity of life; rather, it strengthens the constitutional commitment to human dignity by ensuring that life is not reduced to mere biological survival devoid of meaning, autonomy and respect.

Keywords: Right to Die with Dignity, Article 21, Passive Euthanasia, Human Dignity, Living Will, Advance Directives, Medical Futility, Personal Autonomy, Constitutional Law, End-of-Life Decisions, Human Rights, Healthcare Law

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